Dysregulation of peptide-activated pathways causes a range of diseases, fostering the
discovery and clinical development of peptide drugs. Many endogenous peptides activate G …

Abstract Apelin and Elabela (Ela) are peptides encoded by APLN and APELA, respectively,
which act on their receptor APJ and play crucial roles in the body. Recent research has …

The apelin/apelin receptor (ApelinR) signal transduction pathway exerts essential biological
roles, particularly in the cardiovascular system. Disturbances in the apelin/ApelinR axis are …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects~ 10% of the population and cardiovascular disease is
its commonest complication. Despite treatment, patient outcomes remain poor and newer …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by high blood
pressure in the pulmonary circulation driven by pathological remodeling of distal pulmonary …

ABSTRACT Elabela (ELA), Apela or Toddler peptide is a hormone peptide belonging to the
adipokine group and a component of apelinergic system, discovered in 2013-2014. Given its …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease with a resultant increase of the
mean pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy and eventual death …

Apelin receptor (APJR) is a class A peptide (apelin) binding G protein-coupled receptor
(GPCR) that plays a significant role in regulating blood pressure, cardiac output, and …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Its prevalence is rising due
to ageing populations and the increasing incidence of diseases such as chronic kidney …

We previously reported a series of macrocyclic analogues of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 (Ape13) with
increased plasma stability and potent APJ agonist properties. Based on the most promising …