This study aims to revisit the classic “hot tower” hypothesis proposed by Riehl and Simpson
(Malkus) in 1958 and revisited in 1979. Our investigation centers on the convective mass …

The process of entrainment-mixing between cumulus clouds and the ambient air is important
for the development of cumulus clouds. Accurately obtaining the entrainment rate (λ) is …

The “gray zone” of convective modeling is defined as the range of horizontal grid spacings
(Δx) at which turbulent transport processes are only partially resolved by the dynamics of the …

Convection influences climate and weather events over a wide range of spatial and
temporal scales. Therefore, accurate predictions of the time and location of convection and …

Isolated deep convective cloud life cycle and seasonal changes in storm properties are
observed for daytime events during the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric …

Redistribution of water by convection is important to the regional and global energy balance,
but the characteristics of vertical water transport in convective clouds at different heights are …

Overshooting cloud tops (OT) form in deep convective storms when strong updrafts
overshoot the tropopause. An OT is a well-known indicator for convective updrafts and …

Long-term observations of deep convective cloud (DCC) vertical velocity and mass flux were
collected during the Observations and Modelling of the Green Ocean Amazon …

Large-eddy simulations (LESs) are conducted for each day of the intensive observation
periods (IOPs) of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon) field campaign to characterize the …

Most cumulus parametrizations today make use of a simple conceptual model of convection,
called the mass‐flux approach. This approach depicts convection as an ensemble of …