Acetylcholine plays an essential role in fundamental aspects of cognition. Studies that have
mapped the activity and functional connectivity of cholinergic neurons have shown that the …

Based on recent molecular genetics, as well as functional and quantitative anatomical
studies, the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic projections, once viewed as a diffuse system …

INTRODUCTION Sleep homeostasis, the balance between the duration of sleep and
wakefulness, is a fundamental feature of the sleep-wake cycle. During wakefulness, sleep …

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation therapy for a broad and expanding set
of neurologic conditions. However, the mechanism through which VNS influences central …

Triggering behavioral adaptation upon the detection of adversity is crucial for survival. The
insular cortex has been suggested to process emotions and homeostatic signals, but how …

The insular cortex (IC) plays key roles in emotional and regulatory brain functions and is
affected across psychiatric diseases. However, the brain-wide connections of the mouse IC …

Cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) signaling exhibits multiple timescales of activity with
classic slow signals related to brain and behavioral states and fast, phasic signals reflecting …

The microscopic visualization of large-scale three-dimensional (3D) samples by optical
microscopy requires overcoming challenges in imaging quality and speed and in big data …

Revealing the organization and function of neural circuits is greatly facilitated by viral tools
that spread transsynaptically. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) exhibits anterograde …

Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons influence cortical state, plasticity, learning, and
attention. They collectively innervate the entire cerebral cortex, differentially controlling …