Global reports estimate 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers. BQ chewing has been
demonstrated not only to be a risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx and oral …

Excessive intake of ethanol is associated with severe brain dysfunction, and the subsequent
neurological and behavioral abnormalities are well-established social risks. Many research …

Background Ethanol (E t OH) abuse is a major health and economic concern, particularly for
females who appear to be more sensitive to the rewarding effects of E t OH. This study …

Besides enhanced feeding, the orexigenic peptide ghrelin activates the mesolimbic
dopamine system to cause reward as measured by locomotor stimulation, dopamine release …

Alcohol use, which typically begins during adolescence and differs between males and
females, is influenced by both the rewarding and aversive properties of the drug. One way …

Background: The flavonoid quercetin has several pharmacological effects on the nervous
system. Previous research showed that quercetin has useful influences on some …

Previous studies of ethanol drinking in rodents have shown greater intake in females than in
males, but the reasons behind this difference are unknown. To address one possible …

Locomotor behavioral sensitization represents an animal model for understanding
neuroadaptive processes related to repeated drug exposure. Repeated stress can elicit a …

Chronic ethanol exposure induces impairments in CNS excitatory and inhibitory activity.
These impairments are associated with glutamatergic dysfunction, including altered …

Many people begin to experiment with alcohol during adolescence, an important
developmental period during which sex differences in the effects of ethanol appear. In the …