Vaccinations are one of the most important preventive tools against infectious diseases.
Over time, many different types of vaccines have been developed concerning the antigen …

In conjugate, inactivated, recombinant, and toxoid vaccines, adjuvants are extensively and
essentially used for enhanced and long-lasting protective immune responses. Depending …

Liposomes are widely utilized as a carrier to improve therapeutic efficacy of agents thanks to
their merits of high loading capacity, targeting delivery, reliable protection of agents, good …

In the past few decades, hundreds of materials have been tried as adjuvant; however, only
aluminum-based adjuvants continue to be used widely in the world. Aluminum hydroxide …

Instability of vaccines often emerges as a key challenge during clinical development (lab to
clinic) as well as commercial distribution (factory to patient). To yield stable, efficacious …

The efficacy of vaccines depends on the presence of an adjuvant in conjunction with the
antigen. Of these adjuvants, the ones that contain aluminium, which were first discovered …

The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the critical importance of understanding protein–
excipient interactions as a key step in the rational design of formulations to stabilize and …

Aluminum-containing adjuvants are widely used in preventive vaccines against infectious
diseases and in preparations for allergy immunotherapy. The mechanism by which they …

Many currently used and candidate vaccine adjuvants are particulate in nature, but their
mechanism of action is not well understood. Here, we show that particulate adjuvants …

Oil-in-water emulsions are potent human adjuvants used for effective pandemic influenza
vaccines; however, their mechanism of action is still unknown. By combining microarray and …