Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the most abundant cell in vessels. Earlier
experiments have found that VSMCs possess high plasticity. Vascular injury stimulates …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are a major cell type present at all stages of an
atherosclerotic plaque. According to the 'response to injury'and 'vulnerable …

Medial vascular calcification has emerged as a putative key factor contributing to the
excessive cardiovascular mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit tremendously elevated risk for
cardiovascular disease, particularly ischemic heart disease, due to premature vascular and …

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an evolutionary conserved enzyme and widely used
biomarker in clinical practice. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) is one of …

Cardiovascular calcification is a health disorder with increasing prevalence and high
morbidity and mortality. The only available therapeutic options for calcific vascular and …

Mitochondria are crucial bioenergetics powerhouses and biosynthetic hubs within cells,
which can generate and sequester toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to …

Epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation and histone modifications, are
dynamic processes that regulate the gene expression transcriptional program in normal and …

Background Vascular calcification is a closely linked to cardiovascular diseases, such as
atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension and aging. The extent of …

Rationale: Mitochondrial changes occur during cell differentiation and cardiovascular
disease. DRP1 (dynamin-related protein 1) is a key regulator of mitochondrial fission. We …