Notwithstanding their wide-spread use, it is unclear what level of empirical evidence exists
to support sport participation and physical activity-based models. Sport participation and …

Purpose: To quantify how many of the top 50 under-18 (U18) sprinters in the world managed
to become top 50 ranked as adult competitors. The authors also described the career …

Objectives To quantify the junior-to-senior successful transition rate in sprint swimming
events in elite European performers. Design Retrospective analysis of publicly available …

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the career performance progression of elite early-and
later-success international swimmers competing in sprint events (ie, 50 and 100 m) …

The implications of relative age grouping in sport are known as the Relative Age Effect
(RAE). This study has the twofold purpose of analyzing RAE in Spanish youth national …

Background: The main objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of early
specialization in swimming and to observe the general patterns of success of two different …

To investigate associations between a swimmer's career progression and winning a medal
at the Olympic Games (OG) or World Championships (WC). A total of 4631 swimming …

Purpose The primary aim was to create a performance progression model of elite
competitors in the World Swimming Championships from 2006 to 2017 for all strokes and …

Objective To determine the relationship between success at peak performance age and
quantity of within-sport distance variety and compare the dose-time-effect between …

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate if competition rank in the youth (16–19
years) and junior (20–22 years) World Championships (WCH) and age of the athlete when …