The vertebrate eye comprises tissues from different embryonic origins: the lens and the
cornea are derived from the surface ectoderm, but the retina and the epithelial layers of the …

Eye formation is the result of coordinated induction and differentiation processes during
embryogenesis. Disruption of any one of these events has the potential to cause ocular …

Anophthalmia and microphthalmia (A/M) are significant eye defects because they can have
profound effects on visual acuity. A/M is associated with non-ocular abnormalities in an …

Clinical evaluation and mutation analysis was performed in 51 consecutive probands with
severe eye malformations–anophthalmia and/or severe microphthalmia–seen in a single …

Background/aims Microphthalmia-anophthalmia-coloboma (MAC) are congenital eye
malformations causing a significant percentage of visually impairments in children. Although …

Homeobox genes are an evolutionarily conserved class of transcription factors that are
critical for development of many organ systems, including the brain and eye. During …

Retinal development is under the coordinated control of overlapping networks of signaling
pathways and transcription factors. The paper was conceived as a review of the data and …

Ocular coloboma is a congenital disorder of the eye where a gap exists in the inferior retina,
lens, iris, or optic nerve tissue. With a prevalence of 2–19 per 100,000 live births, coloboma …

FOXE3 forkhead transcription factor is essential to lens development in vertebrates. The
eyes of Foxe3/foxe3‐deficient mice and zebrafish fail to develop normally. In humans …

Evolution in similar environments often leads to convergence of behavioral and anatomical
traits. A classic example of convergent trait evolution is the reduced traits that characterize …