Rationale Unconditioned tasks in rodents have been the mainstay of behavioural
assessment for decades, but their validity and sensitivity to detect the behavioural …

Drug addiction is a devastating disorder with a huge economic and social burden for
modern society. Although an individual may slip into drug abuse throughout his/her life …

Exposure to intermittent repeated social defeat (IRSD) increases the vulnerability of mice to
the rewarding effects of cocaine in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm …

Depressive mothers often find mother-child interaction to be challenging. Maternal stress
may further impair mother-child attachment, which may increase the risk of negative …

In Egypt, both pregabalin and tramadol misuse increased in the last decade. Although many
studies have confirmed the neurotoxic effects of tramadol, those of pregabalin are …

Rationale The combination of several risk factors (sex, a prior underlying psychiatric
condition, or early drug initiation) could induce the emergence of negative affect during …

Early life stress has been linked to increased methylation of the Nuclear Receptor Subfamily
3 Group C Member 1 (NR3C1) gene, which codes for the glucocorticoid receptor. Moreover …

Neurotrophins are proteins included in development and functioning of various processed in
mammalian organisms. They are important in early development but as well as during …

Social stress exposure heightens the risk of substance abuse disorder development,
especially when endured during adolescence, influencing long-term mental health. This …

Drug addiction is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with more than 70,000 Americans
dying from drug overdose in 2019 alone. While only a small percentage of chronic drug …