This Review provides an updated approach to the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
(IPF), based on a systematic search of the medical literature and the expert opinion of …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with a fatal prognosis and manifests in
patients over 60 years old who may have comorbidities. The prevalence and impact of …

Many patients with an idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) have clinical features that
suggest an underlying autoimmune process but do not meet established criteria for a …

Background: In 2002 the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society
(ATS/ERS) classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) defined seven specific …

Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) may have features of connective tissue disease
(CTD), but lack findings diagnostic of a specific CTD. A recent European Respiratory …

Background The clinical features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic
hypersensitivity pneumonitis can be indistinguishable; the need to eliminate occult …

Some of the most pressing challenges associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are how
best to define, diagnose, and treat connective tissue disease-associated ILD (CTD-ILD) …

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most serious pulmonary complications associated
with connective tissue diseases (CTDs), resulting in significant morbidity and mortality …

Interstitial lung diseases are a group of diffuse parenchymal lung disorders associated with
substantial morbidity and mortality. Knowledge achieved in recent years has resulted in the …

Pulmonary complications are an important extra-articular feature of autoimmune rheumatic
diseases and a major cause of mortality. The underlying pathogenesis probably involves …