Vaccine administration by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection is the most commonly
prescribed route for inoculation, however, it is often associated with some deficiencies such …

The intrinsic properties of therapeutic proteins generally present a major impediment for
transdermal delivery, including their relatively large molecule size and susceptibility to …

Microneedles is the technique of drug delivery enhancement, which was primarily designed
for facilitating percutaneous drug delivery. Started from the development of simple solid …

Introduction: Transdermal delivery has potential advantages over other routes of
administration. It could reduce first-pass metabolism associated with oral delivery and is less …

SUMMARY ETEC is an underrecognized but extremely important cause of diarrhea in the
developing world where there is inadequate clean water and poor sanitation. It is the most …

Purpose The present review article focuses on highlighting the main technologies used as
tools that improve the delivery of transdermal biomolecules, addressing them from the point …

The search for methods of vaccine delivery not requiring a needle and syringe has been
accelerated by recent concerns regarding pandemic disease, bioterrorism, and disease …

Adjuvant design has historically had a touch of alchemy at its heart due to its reliance on the
complex biology of innate immune activation. However, a new mechanistic understanding of …

Elastic liposomes (EL) are some of the most versatile deformable vesicular carriers that
comprise physiologically biocompatible lipids and surfactants for the delivery of numerous …

Most current immunization procedures make use of needles and syringes for vaccine
administration. With the increase in the number of immunizations that children around the …