Honey bees can be found all around the world and fulfill key pollination roles within their
natural ecosystems, as well as in agriculture. Most species are typically docile, and most …

The active components of snake venoms encompass a complex and variable mixture of
proteins that produce a diverse, but largely stereotypical, range of pharmacologic effects and …

Snakebite envenoming is a major issue in certain developing parts of the world, with tens of
thousands of deaths and a multitude of lingering permanent medical conditions on a yearly …

Snakebite envenoming results in∼ 100,000 deaths per year, with close to four times as
many victims left with life-long sequelae. Current antivenom therapies have several …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis, a
physiological process characterized by the formation of new vessels from a preexisting …

The nose-horned viper, its nominotypical subspecies Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (Vaa),
in particular, is, medically, one of the most relevant snakes in Europe. The local and …

The venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus causes an
irreversible neuromuscular blockade in isolated preparations due to action of the …

The toxin composition of snake venoms and, thus, their functional activity, can vary between
and within species. Intraspecific venom variation across a species' geographic range is a …

Calloselasma rhodostoma (CR) and Ophiophagus hannah (OH) are two medically important
snakes found in Malaysia. While some studies have described the biological properties of …

Snakebite envenoming is a neglected public health issue in many tropical and subtropical
countries. To diagnosis and treat snakebites may be challenging to health care personnel …