In recent years, there has been rising interest in additively manufactured shape memory
polymers (SMPs) and their multi-functional composites. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an …

Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been
extensively used for developing flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors …

The idea of four-dimensional (4D) printing is the formation of intricate stimuli-responsive 3D
architectures that transform into different forms and shapes upon exposure to environmental …

Abstract 4D printing is a result of 3D printing of smart materials which respond to diverse
stimuli to produce novel products. 4D printing has been applied successfully to many fields …

Background 3D printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing technology, has
the advantages of customization, digitization and personalization. At present, researchers …

Background The shape of the food is a crucial factor in its acceptability to consumers, as it
encompasses visual appearance, texture, bulk properties, and packaging requirements …

Abstract Four-dimensional printing (4DP) is emerging as an innovative research topic. It
involves the use of smart materials for three-dimensional printing (3DP) of items that change …

The feasibility of using microwave-infrared heating (MIR) to stimulate color/flavor changes of
3D-printed white radish and potato gels containing lipid-soluble natural pigment and …

New methods are emerging to combine the self-assembly of matter and additive
manufacturing, so that new devices and constructs can simultaneously harness the unique …

Eating patterns, financial and time constraints, and food availability play a key role in the
wide variety of diets followed by young adults. As a result, many young consumers turn to …