Half a million species of herbivorous insects have been described. Most of them are diet
specialists, using only a few plant species as hosts. Biologists suspect that their specificity is …

Cool-season grasses are the most common forage types in livestock operations and
amenities. Several of the cool-season grasses establish mutualistic associations with an …

The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is recognized as an effective defence against
biotrophic pathogens, but its role as regulator of beneficial plant symbionts has received little …

Endophytic fungi colonize interior plant tissue and mostly form mutualistic associations with
their host plant. Plant-endophyte interaction is a complex mechanism and is currently a …

Seeds commonly harbour diverse bacterial communities that can enhance the fitness of
future plants. The bacterial microbiota associated with mother plant's foliar tissues is one of …

Ground‐level ozone is a global air pollutant with high toxicity and represents a threat to
plants and microorganisms. Although beneficial microorganisms can improve host …

Trees are large organisms that structure forest ecosystems by providing an environment for
an enormous diversity of animal, microbial and plant species. As these species use trees as …

The most studied mechanism of protection against herbivores in grasses associated with
Epichloë fungal endophytes has been the fungal production of alkaloids. However, the …

Plants have evolved mechanisms to survive herbivory. One such mechanism is the induction
of defences upon attack that can operate intergenerationally. Cool-season grasses (sub …

This study sheds light on a poorly understood area in insect–plant–microbe interactions,
focusing on aphid probing and feeding behavior on plants with varying levels of arbuscular …