Critical features of human addiction are increasingly being incorporated into complementary
animal models, including escalation of drug intake, punished drug seeking and taking …

Amphetamine was discovered over 100 years ago. Since then, it has transformed from a
drug that was freely available without prescription as a panacea for a broad range of …

The theory is advanced that the common denominator of a wide range of addictive
substances is their ability to cause psychomotor activation. This view is related to the theory …

The use of psychoactive drugs is a wide spread behaviour in human societies. The
systematic use of a drug requires the establishment of different drug use-associated …

Most people who are regular consumers of psychoactive drugs are not drug addicts, nor will
they ever become addicts. In neurobiological theories, non-addictive drug consumption is …

With their ever-growing prevalence, obesity and diabetes represent major health threats of
our society. Based on estimations by the World Health Organization, approximately 300 …

In 1953 Olds and Milner 9o discovered that animals would repeat acts that were followed by
delivery of electrical stimulation of the brain. This finding had important implications for …

The hypothesis that separate neural systems mediate the reinforcing properties of opioid
and psychomotor stimulant drugs was tested by examining the role of mesolimbic dopamine …

Low and high doses of a dopamine blocking agent had effects on lever pressing for
intravenous amphetamine reward which resembled the effects of reward reduction and …

The hypothesis that separate neural systems mediate the reinforcing properties of opiate
and psychomotor stimulant drugs was tested in rats trained to lever-press for IV injections of …