Tumor cells are often exposed to intrinsic and external factors that alter protein homeostasis,
thus producing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To cope with this, cells evoke an …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive cellular program used by eukaryotic
cells to cope with protein misfolding stress. During tumor development, cancer cells are …

Over the years, several tumor biomarkers have been suggested to foresee the prognosis
oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Here, we present a systematic review to …

Sorafenib, an orally-available kinase inhibitor, is the only standard clinical treatment against
advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, development of resistance to sorafenib has …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine present in tumor microenvironment. Elevated level
of IL-6 is associated with cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis through …

The main cause of cancer-related mortality, metastasis, is a complex, multi-step process.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) component of solid tumors has been implicated in metastatic …

Patients with cancer who have high serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1
(SCCA1, now referred to as SERPINB3) commonly experience treatment resistance and …

A variety of cell intrinsic or extrinsic stresses evoke perturbations in the folding environment
of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), collectively known as ER stress. Adaptation to stress and …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an intracellular signaling network largely controlled
by three endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane proteins, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α …

The squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) is a tumor marker that has gained increasing
attention for its biological functions and significance in normal physiological and …