The traditional emphasis when measuring performance in animal cognition has been
overwhelmingly on accuracy, independent of decision time. However, more recently, it has …

Sensation is an active process involving the sampling and central processing of external
stimuli selectively in space and time. Olfaction in particular depends strongly on active …

Dopamine neurons are thought to encode novelty in addition to reward prediction error (the
discrepancy between actual and predicted values). In this study, we compared dopamine …

Localizing the sources of stimuli is essential. Most organisms cannot eat, mate, or escape
without knowing where the relevant stimuli originate. For many, if not most, animals, olfaction …

Widefield imaging of calcium dynamics is an emerging method for mapping regional neural
activity but is currently limited to restrained animals. Here we describe cScope, a head …

Humans can identify visual objects independently of view angle and lighting, words
independently of volume and pitch, and smells independently of concentration. The …

Alzheimer's disease often results in impaired olfactory perceptual acuity—a potential
biomarker of the disorder. However, the usefulness of olfactory screens to serve as …

It has been proposed that a single sniff generates a" snapshot" of the olfactory world.
However, odor coding on this timescale is poorly understood, and it is not known whether …

Odor stimulation evokes complex spatiotemporal activity in the olfactory bulb, suggesting
that both the identity of activated neurons and the timing of their activity convey information …

How information encoded in neuronal spike trains is used to guide sensory decisions is a
fundamental question. In olfaction, a single sniff is sufficient for fine odor discrimination but …