The potential to generate virtually any differentiated cell type from embryonic stem cells
(ESCs) offers the possibility to establish new models of mammalian development and to …

The endoderm germ layer contributes to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and to all
of their associated organs. Over the past decade, studies in vertebrate model organisms …

The use of human pluripotent stem cells for in vitro disease modelling and clinical
applications requires protocols that convert these cells into relevant adult cell types. Here …

Background Human pluripotent stem cells offer the best available model to study the
underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of human embryonic lineage specification …

The potential of human embryonic stem (hES) cells to differentiate into cell types of a variety
of organs has generated much excitement over the possible use of hES cells in therapeutic …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) senses nutrients and growth factors to
coordinate cell growth, metabolism and autophagy. Extensive research has mapped the …

Genetic studies have identified the key signalling pathways and developmentally regulated
transcription factors that govern cell lineage allocation and axis patterning in the early …

Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells must select between alternative fates of self-
replication and lineage commitment during continuous proliferation. Here, we delineate the …

The combined activity of three transcription factors can reprogram adult cells into induced
pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, the transgenic methods used for delivering …

Stem cell technologies including self-assembling 3D tissue models provide access to early
human neurodevelopment and fundamental insights into neuropathologies. Gastruloid …