Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method of studying the causal effects of modifiable
exposures (ie, potential risk factors) on health, social, and economic outcomes using genetic …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are conditions in which the use of legal or illegal
substances, such as nicotine, alcohol or opioids, results in clinical and functional …

Tobacco and alcohol use are leading causes of mortality that influence risk for many
complex diseases and disorders. They are heritable, and etiologically related, behaviors that …

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) acts as an autocrine growth factor for human lung
cancer. Several lines of evidence show that lung cancer cells express all of the proteins …

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, have
been identified as novel therapeutic targets based on extensive research supporting their …

Background Smoking and alcohol use have been associated with common genetic variants
in multiple loci. Rare variants within these loci hold promise in the identification of biological …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified the chromosome 15q25. 1 locus as a
leading susceptibility region for lung cancer. However, the pathogenic pathways, through …

Despite advances in identifying the genetic basis of psychiatric and neurological disorders,
fundamental questions about their evolutionary origins remain elusive. Here, introgressed …

The habenulopeduncular pathway consists of the medial habenula (MHb), its output tract,
the fasciculus retroflexus, and its principal target, the interpeduncular nucleus (IP). Several …

Introduction Cigarette smokers are at increased risk of poor sleep behaviors. However, it is
largely unknown whether these associations are due to shared (genetic) risk factors and/or …