A survey of Layer-two blockchain protocols

A Gangwal, HR Gangavalli, A Thirupathi - Journal of Network and …, 2023 - Elsevier
After the success of the Bitcoin blockchain, came several cryptocurrencies and blockchain
solutions in the last decade. Nonetheless, Blockchain-based systems still suffer from low …

Survey on blockchain networking: Context, state-of-the-art, challenges

M Dotan, YA Pignolet, S Schmid, S Tochner… - ACM Computing …, 2021 - dl.acm.org
Blockchains, in general, and cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, in particular, are realized
using distributed systems and hence critically rely on the performance and security of the …

Congestion attacks in payment channel networks

A Mizrahi, A Zohar - … conference on financial cryptography and data …, 2021 - Springer
Payment channel networks provide a fast and scalable solution to relay funds, acting as a
second layer to slower and less scalable blockchain protocols. In this paper, we present an …

Lightning network: a second path towards centralisation of the bitcoin economy

JH Lin, K Primicerio, T Squartini, C Decker… - New Journal of …, 2020 - iopscience.iop.org
The Bitcoin lightning network (BLN), a so-called'second layer'payment protocol, was
launched in 2018 to scale up the number of transactions between Bitcoin owners. In this …

An empirical analysis of privacy in the lightning network

G Kappos, H Yousaf, A Piotrowska, S Kanjalkar… - … Cryptography and Data …, 2021 - Springer
Payment channel networks, and the Lightning Network in particular, seem to offer a solution
to the lack of scalability and privacy offered by Bitcoin and other blockchain-based …

A survey on blockchain scalability: From hardware to layer-two protocols

GAF Rebello, GF Camilo, LAC de Souza… - … Surveys & Tutorials, 2024 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Despite the great success of blockchain systems in recent years, blockchains still struggle to
provide the same level of latency and throughput as centralized financial systems. The core …

Blockchain-based payment channel networks: Challenges and recent advances

N Papadis, L Tassiulas - IEEE Access, 2020 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Blockchain technology has been developed with the vision to enable trusted collaboration
between untrusted parties, without the need for a central authority. Despite its many …

Flood & loot: A systemic attack on the lightning network

J Harris, A Zohar - Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on …, 2020 - dl.acm.org
The Lightning Network promises to alleviate Bitcoin's known scalability problems. The
operation of such second layer approaches relies on the ability of participants to turn to the …

[HTML][HTML] Empirical evaluation of nodes and channels of the lightning network

P Zabka, KT Foerster, S Schmid, C Decker - Pervasive and Mobile …, 2022 - Elsevier
Off-chain networks provide an attractive solution to the scalability challenges faced by
cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. While first interesting networks are emerging, we currently …

[HTML][HTML] (v1) A Cryptoeconomic Traffic Analysis of Bitcoin's Lightning Network

F Béres, IA Seres, AA Benczúr - …, 2020 - cryptoeconomicsystems.pubpub.org
Lightning Network (LN) is designed to amend the scalability and privacy issues of Bitcoin. It
is a payment channel network where Bitcoin transactions are issued off the blockchain and …