Abstract The Ras/Raf/Mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular-
signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade couples signals from cell surface receptors to …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (also called MKP-1,
DUSP1, ERP, CL100, HVH1, PTPN10, and 3CH134) is a member of the threonine-tyrosine …

Part of the cellular response to toxins, physical stresses and inflammatory cytokines occurs
by signalling via the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and p38 reactivating kinase …

The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade is inactivated at the level of MAP
kinase by members of the MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP) family, including MKP-1. MKP-1 …

Purpose: An increase in the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) has
been correlated with a more malignant phenotype in several tumor models in vitro and in …

Calcium signals lead to the translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) from
the cytoplasm to the nucleus. This process is regulated by the calcium-activated …

Pathophysiological hypoxia is an important modulator of gene expression in solid tumors
and other pathologic conditions. We observed that transcriptional activation of the c-jun …

The balance of protein phosphorylation is achieved through the actions of a family of protein
serine/threonine kinases called the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The …

Mammalian cells require a constant supply of oxygen in order to maintain adequate energy
production, which is essential for maintaining normal function and for ensuring cell survival …

Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK s) are signaling proteins that are activated
through phosphorylation, and they regulate many physiological and pathophysiological …