Agricultural soil is a non-renewable natural resource that requires careful stewardship in
order to achieve the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. However, industrial …

Heavy-metal (HM) pollution is considered a leading source of environmental contamination.
Heavy-metal pollution in ground water poses a serious threat to human health and the …

Pollution by heavy metals (HM) represents a serious threat for both the environment and
human health. Due to their elemental character, HM cannot be chemically degraded, and …

Heavy metals, which have widespread environmental distribution and originate from natural
and anthropogenic sources, are common environmental pollutants. In recent decades, their …

The heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) are extensively used in industry and
result in water and soil contamination. The highly toxic Cd (II) and Cr (VI) are the most …

Hyperaccumulators concentrate trace metals and heavy metals in their shoots when grown
in metal-contaminated soils and these trace metal-loaded plants may be removed by …

The term “hyperaccumulator” describes a number of plants that belong to distantly related
families, but share the ability to grow on metalliferous soils and to accumulate extraordinarily …

Since the industrial revolution, the production, and consequently the emission of metals, has
increased exponentially, overwhelming the natural cycles of metals in many ecosystems …

The contamination of the environment with toxic metals has become a worldwide problem.
Metal toxicity affects crop yields, soil biomass and fertility. Soils polluted with heavy metals …

Plants experience oxidative stress upon exposure to heavy metals that leads to cellular
damage. In addition, plants accumulate metal ions that disturb cellular ionic homeostasis. To …