Evapotranspiration (ET)—the distribution and partitioning of which is strongly mediated by
vegetation—is central to the water, energy and carbon cycles. In this Review, we examine …

Droughts can have strong environmental and socio-economic impacts in the Mediterranean
region, in particular for countries relying on rain-fed agricultural production, but also in areas …

Water is the fundamental natural resource that supports life, ecosystems and human society.
Thus studying the water cycle is important for sustainable development. In the context of …

The global demand for food and bioenergy changes associated with land use and land
cover change (LULCC) has raised concerns about the environment, global warming, and …

Increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration affect continental runoff through radiative and
physiological forcing. However, how climate and land surface changes, and their …

Droughts occur naturally, but climate change has generally accelerated the hydrological
processes to make them set in quicker and become more intense, with many consequences …

Human-induced climate change impacts the hydrological cycle and thus the availability of
water resources. However, previous assessments of observed warming-induced changes in …

Revegetation of degraded ecosystems provides opportunities for carbon sequestration and
bioenergy production,. However, vegetation expansion in water-limited areas creates …

BACKGROUND Earth system models (ESMs) simulate physical, chemical, and biological
processes that underlie climate and are the most complex in a hierarchy of models of Earth's …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …