Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces
and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-
renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor …

CD44, a non-kinase cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein, has been widely implicated
as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in several cancers. Cells overexpressing CD44 possess …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), initially identified in leukemia in 1994, constitute a distinct subset
of tumor cells characterized by surface markers such as CD133, CD44, and ALDH. Their …

Ongoing research has revealed that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is one of the
biggest obstacles in the current cancer therapy. CSCs make an influential function in tumor …

Osteoimmunity is involved in regulating the balance of bone remodeling and resorption, and
is essential for maintaining normal bone morphology. The interaction between immune cells …

Abstract Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial role in tumor progression, drug
resistance and relapse in various cancers. CSC niche is comprised of various stromal cell …

Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that present as different functional phenotypes due to
their plasticity. They can be classified into two categories, namely M1-and M2-like …

The tumor microenvironment has been recently reported to play a pivotal role in sustaining
tumor cells survival and protecting them from immunotherapy and chemotherapy-induced …

Brain metastases is the most common intracranial tumor and account for approximately 20%
of all systematic cancer cases. It is a leading cause of death in advanced-stage cancer …