1. INTRODUCTION Detection of chemical and biological agents plays a fundamental role in
biomedical, forensic and environmental sciences 1− 4 as well as in anti bioterrorism …

Biofuel cells (BFCs) are the devices made to transform the chemical energy of organic
matter to electrical energy utilizing metabolic reactions occurring in microorganisms during …

The development of new methods to facilitate direct electron transfer (DET) between
enzymes and electrodes is of much interest because of the desire for stable biofuel cells that …

We examined the direct electron transfer (DET) reaction of bilirubin oxidase (BOD) at three-
dimensional gold nanoparticle (AuNP) electrodes in DET-type biofuel cells. The BOD …

The fructose/dioxygen biofuel cell, one of the direct electron transfer (DET)-type
bioelectrochemical devices, utilizes fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) on the anode and multi …

The continuous search for alternative energy sources, imposed by economic and
environmental concerns, has motivated investigations into clean and efficient alternatives for …

Self-assembled molecular monolayers (SAMs) have long been recognized as crucial
“bridges” between redox enzymes and solid electrode surfaces, on which the enzymes …

With the increased use of nanobiotechnology-enabled solutions for diagnostics,
therapeutics, bioelectronics, environmental, and energy-related applications, there exists a …

Direct electrochemical electron transfer (DET) of oxidoreductases has attracted increasing
attention in pure and applied bioelectrochemistry (eg biosensors and biofuel cells) over the …

Nanoporous gold electrodes were utilized as a support for the detection of d‐fructose. The
immobilization of fructose dehydrogenase was achieved by adsorption on thiol‐and …