All cellular compartments are separated from the external environment by a membrane,
which consists of a lipid bilayer. Subcellular structures, including clathrin-coated pits …

The tumor microenvironment consists of stromal cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and
signaling molecules that communicate with cancer cells. As tumors grow and develop, the …

Cell invasion is a highly complex process that requires the coordination of cell migration and
degradation of the extracellular matrix. In melanoma cells, as in many highly invasive cancer …

Negative regulation of receptor signaling is essential for controlling cell activation and
differentiation. In B-lymphocytes, the down-regulation of B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) …

The directed movements of individual, groups, or sheets of cells at specific times in particular
locations bring about form and complexity to developing organisms. Cells move by …

Invadopodia formation and extracellular matrix degradation are key events during cancer
cell invasion, yet little is known about mechanisms mediating these processes. Here, we …

B lymphocytes produce antibodies under the stimulation of specific antigens, thereby
exerting an immune effect. B cells identify antigens by their surface B cell receptor (BCR) …

Invadopodia are extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading protrusions formed by invasive
cancer cells. Podosomes are structures functionally similar to invadopodia that are found in …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death,
encouraging the search for novel therapeutic targets affecting tumor cell proliferation and …

P-Rex1 (PIP3-dependent Rac exchanger 1, PREX1) is a Dbl-type guanine-nucleotide
exchange factor (GEF) that activates Rac-like small G proteins (small GTPases). P-Rex1 was …