This paper reviews the recent advances in knowledge of brainstem mechanisms related to
craniofacial pain. It also draws attention to their clinical implications, and concludes with a …

This review outlines recent research which has identifed critical neural elements and
mechanisms concerned with the transmission of sensory information related to oral-facial …

Established worldwide as the one definitive, encyclopedic reference on headache, The
Headaches is now in its thoroughly revised, updated Third Edition. The foremost …

We tested the hypothesis that noxious stimuli induce pain modulation by activation of
supraspinal structures. We found that intense noxious stimuli (ie, subdermal injection of …

The maximum bite force an individual can exert on an upper central incisor when the force is
transmitted through a point on the incisal edge (no cover) was compared with maximum bite …

This article reviews literature relating to the central projection of primary afferent neurons of
the trigeminal nerve. After a brief description of the major nuclei associated with the …

The extracellular response of medullary trigeminal neurons to electrical stimulation of the
dura was studied in anesthetized cats. Fifty-six medullary trigeminal units were excited by …

We investigated the effect of chronic administration of morphine on noxious stimulus-
induced antinociception (NSIA) produced by intraplantar capsaicin injection. In the untreated …

Because of the complexities of the central nervous system compounded with the ambiguities
of interpreting the sensation of and reaction to “pain” in animals, available techniques for …

Animal models simulating acute human pulpitis are still lacking. The rat incisors present a
particular situation where most of their innervation is considered to be unmyelinated and …