The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

Studies of bioactive lipids in general and sphingolipids in particular have intensified over the
past several years, revealing an unprecedented and unanticipated complexity of the …

The liver is a dynamic organ that plays critical roles in many physiological processes,
including the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysfunctional hepatic …

Sphingolipids are a specialized group of lipids essential to the composition of the plasma
membrane of many cell types; however, they are primarily localized within the nervous …

The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, particularly the mechanisms whereby
a minority of patients develop a more severe phenotype characterised by hepatocellular …

The global prevalence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus,
steatohepatitis, myocardial infarction, and stroke has increased dramatically over the past …

In obesity and dyslipidemia, the oversupply of fat to tissues not suited for lipid storage
induces cellular dysfunction that underlies diabetes and cardiovascular disease (ie …

The exposure of hepatocytes to high concentrations of lipids and carbohydrates and the
ensuing hepatocellular injury are termed lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity, respectively. A …

The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a
widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue …

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a single-pass transmembrane
immune receptor that is mainly expressed on microglia in the brain and macrophages in the …