Untethered small-scale machines (USSMs) that can actively adjust their motion,
deformation, and collective states in response to external stimuli have gained enormous …

Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly
seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the …

Magnetically actuated small-scale robots have great potential for numerous applications in
remote, confined, or enclosed environments. Multiple small-scale robots enable cooperation …

Conspectus Active matter refers to the nonequilibrium system composed of interacting units
that continually dissipate energy at a single-unit level and transduce it into mechanical force …

Untethered small-scale robots offer great promise for medical applications in complex
biological environments. However, challenges remain in the control and medical imaging of …

Biocompatible swarming magnetic nanorobots that work in blood vessels for safe and
efficient targeted thrombolytic therapy in vivo are demonstrated. This is achieved by using …

Artificial nanomotors are nanoscale machines capable of converting surrounding other
energy into mechanical motion and thus entering the tissues and cells of organisms. They …

Soft miniature machines demonstrate multimodal actuation and morphology change
capabilities in narrow spaces smaller than their dimension. The wirelessly controlled soft …

Magnetic miniature robots are promising tools for minimally invasive and noninvasive
therapy. Constructing systems with actuation–perception loops is an essential step to …

Micro/nanorobotic swarms consisting of numerous tiny building blocks show great potential
in biomedical applications because of their collective active delivery ability, enhanced …