Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and
methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-l-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino …

The formation and accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl
compound, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, vascular …

Epidemiologic studies detected an inverse relationship between HDL (high-density
lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting large and medium arteries and is
considered to be a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the …

Carnosine is a dipeptide synthesized in the body from β-alanine and L-histidine. It is found
in high concentrations in the brain, muscle, and gastrointestinal tissues of humans and is …

Abstract β-Alanine is a nonproteogenic amino acid that combines with histidine to form a
dipeptide molecule known as carnosine. Carnosine is an H+ buffer that is especially useful …

Sugar-and lipid-derived aldehydes are reactive carbonyl species (RCS) frequently used as
surrogate markers of oxidative stress in obesity. A pathogenic role for RCS in metabolic …

Carnosine was originally discovered in skeletal muscle, where it exists in larger amounts
than in other tissues. The majority of research into the physiological roles of carnosine have …

The dipeptide carnosine is a physiologically important molecule in the human body,
commonly found in skeletal muscle and brain tissue. Beta-alanine is a limiting precursor of …

Emerging evidence indicates that the dysregulation of cellular redox homeostasis and
chronic inflammatory processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney and brain …