Clogging is a major operational and maintenance issue associated with the use of
subsurface flow wetlands for wastewater treatment, and can ultimately limit the lifetime of the …

This paper reviews the state of the art in measuring, modeling, and managing clogging in
subsurface-flow treatment wetlands. Methods for measuring in situ hydraulic conductivity in …

Tracers in Hydrology and Water Research is a comprehensive overview of the application of
natural and artificial tracers in hydrology and environmental research. Taking a unique …

Contamination caused by pesticides in agriculture is a source of environmental poor water
quality in some of the European Union countries. Without treatment or targeted mitigation …

Constructed wetlands (CWs) provide a natural way for simple, inexpensive, and robust
wastewater treatment. Detailed understanding of CW functioning is difficult, because a large …

Clogging has garnered growing interest as a significant operational and maintenance
concern that affects the sustainable development and implementation of sub-surface flow …

A combination of experimental methods was applied at a clogged, horizontal subsurface
flow (HSSF) municipal wastewater tertiary treatment wetland (TW) in the UK, to quantify the …

Hydraulic conditions exert a comprehensive and vital influence on constructed wetlands
(CWs). However, research on this subject is relatively limited. Hydraulic parameters can be …

A duplex constructed wetland (duplex-CW) is a hybrid system that combines a vertical flow
(VF) CW as a first stage with a horizontal flow filter (HFF) as a second stage for a more …

Typical unsteady unsaturated conditions can profoundly affect the hydrodynamics of vertical
subsurface flow constructed wetlands. In this study we analyzed the hydrodynamics of a …