Introduction: Allostatic load refers to the cumulative burden of chronic stress and life events.
It involves the interaction of different physiological systems at varying degrees of activity …

Glucocorticoids (GCs; ie cortisol/corticosterone) are a central component of the stress
response and thus their measurement is frequently used to evaluate the impact of stressful …

Trade-offs and constraints are inherent to life, and studies of these phenomena play a
central role in both organismal and evolutionary biology. Trade-offs can be defined …

All life requires the capacity to recover from challenges that are as inevitable as they are
unpredictable. Understanding this resilience is essential for managing the health of humans …

Glucocorticoids are popular hormones to measure in both biomedical and ecological studies
of stress. Many assumptions used to interpret glucocorticoid results are derived from …

Allostatic load reflects the cumulative effects of stressful experiences in daily life and may
lead to disease over time. When the cost of chronic exposure to fluctuating or heightened …

1. Introduction 1.1. What Is Stress? 1.2. Dynamics of the Stress Response and Effects on
Performance 1.3. Contemporary View of the GAS: Eustress versus Distress 1.4. Sensory …

An exciting area in behavioural ecology focuses on understanding why animals exhibit
consistent among-individual differences in behaviour (animal personalities). Animal …

Why does performing certain tasks cause the aversive experience of mental effort and
concomitant deterioration in task performance? One explanation posits a physical resource …

The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the
presence of real or perceived challenges. In this function, the brain activates adaptive …