Objectives We systemically reviewed the literature to assess how long-term testosterone
suppressing gender-affirming hormone therapy influenced lean body mass (LBM), muscular …

Following critical evaluation of the available literature to date, The International Society of
Sports Nutrition (ISSN) position regarding caffeine intake is as follows: Supplementation with …

Background Effects of resistance training on muscle strength and hypertrophy are well
established in adults and younger elderly. However, less is currently known about these …

Objectives Muscle strength gradually decreases with advancing age. This study aimed to
explore the relationship between handgrip strength and successful aging and its specific …

Context The inclusion of transgender people in elite sport has been a topic of debate. This
narrative review examines the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on …

Abstract Background Digit ratio (2D: 4D), a marker of prenatal testosterone exposure, is a
weak negative correlate of sports/athletic/fitness performance. While numerous studies have …

Muscle strength, the maximal force-generating capacity of a muscle or group of muscles, is
regularly assessed in physiological experiments and clinical trials. An understanding of the …

Short-distance swimmers may exhibit imbalances in their upper-limbs' thrust (differences
between the thrust produced by each upper-limb). At maximal speed, higher imbalances are …

High levels of physical fitness (PF) can positively affect both health and cognitive function,
thus monitoring its levels in youth can help increase health and quality of life in adult …

The aims of this study were to compare the maximal isometric handgrip strength of judo
athletes from different weight categories and to create a classificatory table for this test. A …