Bark is a vital and very visible part of woody plants, yet only recently has bark characteristics
started to be considered as key traits structuring communities and biomes. Bark thickness is …

Large, majestic trees are iconic symbols of great age among living organisms. Published
evidence suggests that trees do not die because of genetically programmed senescence in …

Applied historical ecology is the use of historical knowledge in the management of
ecosystems. Historical perspectives increase our understanding of the dynamic nature of …

Recognition of the importance of land-use history and its legacies in most ecological
systems has been a major factor driving the recent focus on human activity as a legitimate …

The purpose of this paper is to promote a broad and flexible perspective on ecological
restoration of Southwestern (US) ponderosa pine forests. Ponderosa pine forests in the …

Natural resource managers have used natural variability concepts since the early 1960s and
are increasingly relying on these concepts to maintain biological diversity, to restore …

Disturbance is a dominant factor in many ecosystems, and the disturbance regime is likely to
change over the next decades in response to land‐use changes and global warming. We …

Policies to reduce global warming by offering credits for carbon sequestration have
neglected the effects of forest management on biodiversity. I review properties of forest …

ABSTRACT Quaternary (last 2.6 million years) botany involves studying plant megafossils
(eg tree stumps), macrofossils (eg seeds, leaves), and microfossils (eg pollen, spores) …