The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway regulates normal cell growth and differentiation. As a
consequence of improper control, aberrant HH signaling results in tumorigenesis and …

Since its discovery, the STAT3 transcription factor has been extensively studied for its
function as a transcriptional regulator and its role as a mediator of development, normal …

The first STAT family member, STAT1, is an essential component of interferon (IFN)-
signaling, which mediates several cellular functions in response to stimulation by cytokines …

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that is
activated downstream of a broad range of receptors particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6) family …

Breast cancers (BrCas) that overexpress oncogenic tyrosine kinase receptor HER2 are
treated with HER2-targeting antibodies (such as trastuzumab) or small-molecule kinase …

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), glioma oncogene homolog 1
(GLI1), and truncated GLI1 (tGLI1) are oncogenic transcription factors playing important …

PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) is frequently up-regulated in tumors and is critical
in tumor immune escape. In addition to antibodies that block the interaction between PD-L1 …

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in women worldwide. The most
aggressive breast cancer subtypes are human epidermal growth factor receptor-positive …

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a major player in the survival and
proliferation of tumour cells and is overexpressed in up to 30% of breast cancer cases. A …

Breast cancer occurs in approximately 1 in 8 women and 1 in 37 women with breast cancer
succumbed to the disease. Over the past decades, new diagnostic tools and treatments …