Astrocytes, microglia, and tanycytes play active roles in the regulation of hypothalamic
feeding circuits. These non-neuronal cells are crucial in determining the functional …

Systemic metabolism has to be constantly adjusted to the variance of food intake and even
be prepared for anticipated changes in nutrient availability. Therefore, the brain integrates …

The essential role of the brain in maintaining energy homeostasis has motivated the drive to
define the neural circuitry that integrates external and internal stimuli to enact appropriate …

The initial discovery that ob/ob mice become obese because of a recessive mutation of the
leptin gene has been crucial to discover the melanocortin pathway to control appetite. In the …

Leptin acts in the brain to prevent obesity. The underlying neurocircuitry responsible for this
is poorly understood, in part because of incomplete knowledge regarding first-order, leptin …

Neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that express agouti‐related peptide
(AgRP) govern a critical aspect of survival: the drive to eat. Equally important to survival is …

The capacity to adjust food intake in response to changing energy requirements is essential
for survival. Recent progress has provided an insight into the molecular, cellular and …

POMC-derived melanocortins inhibit food intake. In the adult rodent brain, POMC-
expressing neurons are located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the nucleus tractus …

Several different neuronal populations are involved in regulating energy homeostasis.
Among these, agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons are thought to promote feeding and …

Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamus release a fast transmitter
(GABA) in addition to neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y [NPY] and Agouti-related peptide …