Antiviral drugs have traditionally been developed by directly targeting essential viral
components. However, this strategy often fails due to the rapid generation of drug-resistant …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that recognize pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and …

Viral infection triggers host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize pathogen-
associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns to initiate antiviral …

Innate sensors initiate the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) and proinflammatory
cytokines to protect host from viral infection. Several innate nuclear sensors that mainly …

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbene phytoalexin phenolic compound, which has
been extensively studied on its biological activity. It has been widely accepted that …

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has successfully established a long-lasting latent infection in
humans due to its ability to counteract the host antiviral innate immune response. During …

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, the most prevalent viral infection that typically lasts for
a lifetime, is associated with frequent outbreaks of oral and genital lesions. Oral herpes …

Type III interferons (IFNs) represent the most recently discovered group of IFNs. Together
with type I IFNs (eg IFN-α/β), type III IFNs (IFN-λ) are produced as part of the innate immune …

Herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) is a disease that commonly affects the cornea and external
eye and is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1). This virus infects approximately …

Highlights•Some micronutrients can regulate TLRs gene expression dependent on dose,
duration and cell type.•NF-κB can be regulated by some micronutrients.•Phosphorylation …