Avoiding Attack discusses the diversity of mechanisms by which prey avoid predator attacks
and explores how such defensive mechanisms have evolved through natural selection. It …

The striking diversity in insect colouration, colour pattern and visual appearance (shape,
size, texture or movement) has evolved in response to the needs of communication, both …

The practice of keeping dairy cows with their calves continues to gain interest. Cow-calf
contact, or lack thereof, is expected to affect emotional states, but this requires empirical …

Demonstrations of interactions between diverse selective forces on bright coloration in
defended species are rare. Recent work has suggested that not only do the bright colours of …

Deals with all aspects of adaptive resemblance Full colour Covers everything from classic
examples of Batesian, Mullerian, aggressive and sexual mimicries through to human …

Among the various properties of visual warning signals, colour seems to be especially
important for avian predators. We tested the role of particular colours of an aposematic …

Aposematic conspicuous coloration consists of one or a few bright colours, often in
combination with a black defined internal pattern. The function of conspicuousness in …

Aposematic species exploit the ability of predators to associate, for example, conspicuous
colouration with the unprofitability of prey. We tested the importance of colour for avoidance …

Aposematism is defined as the use of conspicuous colouration to warn predators that an
individual is chemically or otherwise defended. Mechanisms that drive the evolution of …

The combined use of noxious chemical defences and conspicuous warning colours is a
ubiquitous anti-predator strategy. That such signals advertise the presence of defences is …