Tunable liquid lenses with controllable focal length attract much attention from many
researchers due to the unique advantages of strong adjustability, low power consumption …

Liquid opens up a new stage of device tunability and gradually replaced solid-state devices
and mechanical tuning. It optimizes the control method and improves the dynamic range of …

A liquid lens, especially an electrowetting liquid lens, is filled with two immiscible liquids
based on the electrowetting on dielectric effect. The chamber structure of the liquid lens is …

As high-efficiency electrical responsive materials, multilayer dielectric elastomer actuators
(DEAs) have been widely adopted in fabricating soft robotics. Among various candidate …

Multifunctional integration is the development direction of electrowetting liquid lenses. We
propose an electrowetting liquid lens integrating adaptive liquid iris (ELL-LI) with adjustable …

A remarkable feature of Alvarez lenses is that a wide focal length tuning range can be
achieved using lateral displacement rather than commonly used axial translation, thus …

We propose a triple-layer spherical electrowetting liquid lens with large-aperture and high
zoom ratio. The chamber of the proposed lens is spherical, which can enlarge the apparent …

A zoom liquid lens with switchable aperture is demonstrated in this paper, which consists of
a lens chamber, a circular truncated cone, a limit ring and two immiscible liquids. Different …

Micro-scale optical components with varifocal manipulation, play a crucial role in imaging
and display technology, beam shaping, optical switching, and wavefront-analysis. In order to …

As a novel kind of focus tunable lens, dielectric elastomer actuated liquid lens has a
compact structure, fast response, low cost, and outstanding tunability, which makes it attract …