Although genomes of mitochondria and plastids are very small compared to those of their
bacterial ancestors, the transcription machineries of these organelles are of surprising …

Chloroplast activities influence nuclear gene expression, a phenomenon referred to as
retrograde signaling. Biogenic retrograde signals have been revealed by changes in …

Transcription in plastids is mediated by a plastid-encoded multimeric (PEP) and a nuclear-
encoded single-subunit RNA polymerase (NEP) and a still unknown number of nuclear …

The plastid genome in photosynthetic higher plants encodes subunits of an Escherichia coli‐
like RNA polymerase (PEP) which initiates transcription from E. coli σ 70‐type promoters …

The chloroplast genomes of most higher plants contain two giant open reading frames
designated ycf1 and ycf2. In tobacco, ycf1 potentially specifies a protein of 1901 amino …

In addition to the RNA polymerases (RNAPs) transcribing the nuclear genes, eukaryotic
cells also require RNAPs to transcribe the genes of the mitochondrial genome and, in plants …

Compared with small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) in other organisms, those in plants are
the most abundant and diverse. However, the molecular mechanisms by which sHSPs are …

The plastid genome in higher plants encodes subunits of an Escherichia coli‐like RNA
polymerase which initiates transcription of plastid genes from sequences resembling E. coli …

Gene expression in plastids of higher plants is dependent on two different transcription
machineries, a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear …

Plastids (chloroplasts) possess their own genetic information and consequently, express
heritabletraits. The plastid genome (plastome) occurs at high copy numbers, with up to …