This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry, tracing the progression from
traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant …

After more than a year of unrest, a small effusive eruption commenced in Fagradalsfjall,
Iceland, on 19 March 2021. The eruption lasted six months. The first six weeks were …

Increased rates of deformation and seismicity are well-established precursors to volcanic
eruptions, and their interpretation forms the basis for eruption warnings worldwide. Rates of …

A critical challenge during volcanic emergencies is responding to rapid changes in eruptive
behaviour. Actionable advice, essential in times of rising uncertainty, demands the rapid …

In March 2021 an effusive eruption began at the Fagradalsfjall volcanic system in Iceland,
ending nearly 800 years of dormancy on the Reykjanes peninsula. The eruption produced …

Volcano disaster risk management during a crisis requires continuous and intensive risk
communication with the public. However, to have the desired public response during a …

Monitoring the evolution of lava flows is a challenging task for volcano observatories,
especially in remote volcanic areas. Here we present a near real-time (every 12 h) and free …

Volcanic debris flows (lahars) are highly destructive volcanic phenomena and present
significant challenges in numerical simulation. This manuscript tackles the three …

Volcano observatories (VOs) around the world are required to maintain surveillance of their
volcanoes and inform civil protection and aviation authorities about impending eruptions …

Here, we review volcanic risk management at Mount St. Helens from the perspective of the
US Geological Survey's (USGS) experience over the four decades since its 18 May 1980 …