Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Climate change has multiple effects on Baltic Sea species, communities and ecosystem
functioning through changes in physical and biogeochemical environmental characteristics …

Vegetated coastal and marine habitats in the Nordic region include salt marshes, eelgrass
meadows and, in particular, brown macroalgae (kelp forests and rockweed beds). Such …

Hard coastal defences support lower biodiversity than natural rocky shores. Ecological
enhancement on coastal structures can improve biodiversity by increasing habitat …

Eutrophication is a strong driver that modifies coastal areas globally and measures to
reduce nutrient input are implemented in many areas. As nutrient concentrations in coastal …

Climate change leads to multiple effects caused by simultaneous shifts in several physical
factors which will interact with species and ecosystems in complex ways. In marine systems …

The brown algal genus Fucus provides essential ecosystem services crucial for marine
environments. Macroalgae (seaweeds) release dissolved organic matter, hence, are under …

Available online: https://pub. norden. org/temanord2020-541/# Nordic blue forests are
coastal vegetated habitats, such as kelp forests, eelgrass meadows and rockweed beds, that …

Artificial structures are widespread features of coastal marine environments. These
structures, however, are poor surrogates of natural rocky shores, meaning they generally …

Fucus vesiculosus (here Fucus) is a key species on rocky shores of the Baltic Sea, providing
habitat for a diverse invertebrate community. While the invertebrate species within Fucus …