The immune system is composed of two subsystems—the innate immune system and the
adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is the first to respond to pathogens and …

In recent years, the unique properties of nanoparticles have fostered novel applications in
various fields such as biology, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and others. Unfortunately, their …

Lysozymes are an ancient group of antimicrobial enzymes of the innate immune system.
Here we provide a comparative analysis of the evolution and function of lysozymes during …

Skin mucus is the first barrier of fish defence. Proteins from skin mucus of European sea
bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were identified by 2DE followed by LC‐MS/MS. From all the …

Hydrolysates from high-protein coproducts are rich in bioactive peptides (small amino acid
chains with properties beyond their nutritional value). When included in aquafeeds, they …

In aquaculture, accumulation of antibiotics resulted in development of resistance among
bacterial pathogens. Consequently, it became mandatory to find alternative to synthetic …

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) have been employed as a model organism to investigate the
innate immune system and host-pathogen interactions. A Gram-negative bacterium called …

Macroalgae represent valuable sources of functional ingredients for fish diets, and the
influence of supplemented aquafeeds on growth performance has been studied for some …

Simple Summary Sea Turtles have a unique immune system, which evolved over millions of
years in the persistent host-pathogen arms race. As this species occupies a unique …

The mucosal surfaces constitute the first line of host defense against infection, and also
serve as the dynamic interfaces that simultaneously mediate a diverse array of critical …