T lymphocytes, the major effector cells in cellular immunity, produce cytokines in immune
responses to mediate inflammation and regulate other types of immune cells. Work in the …

Cytokines are major regulators of innate and adaptive immunity that enable cells of the
immune system to communicate over short distances. Cytokine therapy to activate the …

T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) targeting human CD19 (hCD19)
have shown clinical efficacy against B cell malignancies,. CAR T cells have been less …

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections
and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss …

Cytokines that control the immune response were shown to have efficacy in preclinical
murine cancer models. Interferon (IFN)-α is approved for treatment of hairy cell leukemia …

Cytokines are a class of potent immunoregulatory proteins that are secreted in response to
various stimuli and act locally to regulate many aspects of human physiology and disease …

Higher-or lower-affinity germinal center (GC) B cells are directed either to plasma cell or GC
recycling, respectively; however, how commitment to the plasma cell fate takes place is …

The advent of immunotherapy has marked a new era in cancer treatment, offering significant
clinical benefits. Cell membrane as drug delivery materials has played a crucial role in …

Natural killer (NK) cells are effective in combating infections and tumors and as such are
tempting for adoptive transfer therapy. However, they are not homogeneous but can be …

The past decade has seen tremendous developments in novel cancer therapies through the
targeting of tumor-cell-intrinsic pathways whose activity is linked to genetic alterations and …