Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a critical phospholipid constituent in eukaryotic cell membranes,
which accounts for 1À4% of the total lipid. 1 This lipophilic glycerophospholipid has a …

Interaction of extracellular-signal molecules with cell-surface receptors often activates a
phospholipase D (PLD)-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine and other …

Necroptosis represents a form of alternative programmed cell death that is dependent on the
kinase RIP1. RIP1-dependent necroptotic death manifests as increased reactive oxygen …

Inflammatory bowel disease is often associated with iron deficiency anemia and oral iron
supplementation may be required. However, iron may increase oxidative stress through the …

The activation of PLD is believed to play an important role in the regulation of cell function
and cell fate by extracellular signal molecules. Multiple PLD activities have been …

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to cause small intestinal damage
but the pathogenesis of this toxicity is not well established. Intestinal epithelial cells are …

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used extensively in clinical medicine. In spite of
their therapeutic utility, however, they are known to cause significant gastrointestinal and …

Mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD)
progression. Recently, we have reported that amyloid precursor protein (APP) stimulates …

The clinical utility of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is limited by their
gastrointestinal and renal toxicities. Indomethacin (an NSAID commonly used in toxicity …

It is widely accepted that the chronic use of alcohol induces metabolic abnormalities and
neuronal damage in the brain, which can lead to cognitive dysfunction. Neuroimaging …