The activation of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in the
pathophysiology of cognition. While the brain RAS has been studied before in the context of …

Enzymes catalyze a variety of biochemical reactions in the body and, in conjunction with
transporters and receptors, control virtually all physiological processes. There is great value …

Introduction Fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) is closely associated with many neurological
disorders including neurodegenerative disease, stroke, and brain tumors. However, the toxic …

Information about the rates of hydrolysis of neuropeptides by extracellular peptidases can
lead to a quantitative understanding of how the steady-state and transient concentrations of …

High‐speed two‐photon microscopy can be used to analyze vascular dynamics in living
animals and is essential for the understanding of brain diseases. Recent advances in …

Pressure-induced infusion of solutions into brain tissue is used both in research and in
medicine. In medicine, convection enhanced delivery (CED) may be used to deliver agents …

For in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PM) imaging, the development of
techniques that can improve the observable depth and temporal resolution is an important …

Quantitative monitoring of brain neurochemistry is aimed at an accurate measurement of
chemical basal levels and dynamics defining neuronal activities. Analytical tools must be …

There are many processes that actively alter the concentrations of solutes in the extracellular
space. Enzymatic reactions, either by soluble enzymes or membrane-bound ectoenzymes …

Background Delivering solutes to a particular region of the brain is currently achieved by
iontophoresis for very small volumes and by diffusion from a microdialysis probe for larger …