Clay minerals retain or adsorb metal ions in the Earth's critical zone. Rocks, sediments and
soils rich in clay minerals can concentrate rare earth elements (REEs) in ion adsorption-type …

This review aims at considering the use of REEs to trace pedogenetic processes, in order to
quantify the respective contribution of the successive processes on pedogenesis. We first …

Mineralization with exchangeable rare earth element (REE) and yttrium (MEX-REY) has
been recognized in the weathering profiles in South China since the early 1970's. This type …

The oxidation state and mineral phase association of Co, Ce, and Pb in hydrogenetic,
diagenetic, and hydrothermal marine ferromanganese oxides were characterized by X-ray …

Deep-sea sediments containing high concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) and
yttrium (Y), termed REY-rich sediments, have attracted considerable attention and are widely …

Diverse bacteria and fungi oxidize Mn (II) enzymatically and produce insoluble Mn (III, IV)
oxides, and these organisms are considered to be the primal agents for the occurrence of …

Hydrogenetic ferromanganese oxyhydroxide crusts (Fe-Mn crusts) precipitate out of cold
ambient ocean water onto hard-rock surfaces (seamounts, plateaus, ridges) at water depths …

Minor-element concentrations in marine ferromanganese nodules are primarily controlled by
the mineralogy, which itself depends on redox conditions at the sediment-water interface …

Ferromanganese crusts cover all outcrops on Takuyo-Daigo seamount traversed during
remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) dives, except in places covered by foraminifera …

Rare earth (RE) elements are a group of 17 chemical elements including the 15 lanthanides
plus Yttrium and Scandium. RE have been identified as critical elements due to their special …