Heavy metal accumulation in soil has been rapidly increased due to various natural
processes and anthropogenic (industrial) activities. As heavy metals are non-biodegradable …

Drought stress affects plant growth and development by altering physiological and
biochemical processes resulting in reduced crop productivity. Zinc (Zn) is an essential …

Main conclusion This review highlights the most recent updated information available about
Zn phytotoxicity at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels, uptake mechanisms as …

Zinc plays many essential roles in life. As a strong Lewis acid that lacks redox activity under
environmental and cellular conditions, the Zn 2+ cation is central in determining protein …

Mineral nutrition of plants greatly depends on both environmental conditions, particularly of
soils, and the genetic background of the plant itself. Being sessile, plants adopted a range of …

Cadmium is a non-essential trace metal, which is highly toxic to nearly all living organisms.
Soil pollution causes Cd contamination of crops, thereby rendering plant products …

Many trace metals are essential micronutrients, but also potent toxins. Due to natural and
anthropogenic causes, vastly different trace metal concentrations occur in various habitats …

Phytoremediation is an economically viable green technology that utilizes hyperaccumulator
plants to remove heavy metals (HM) from the soil. Hyperaccumulators are adept at …

Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one
important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by …

Plant cells orchestrate an array of molecular mechanisms for maintaining plasmatic
concentrations of essential heavy metal (HM) ions, for example, iron, zinc and copper, within …