With all the advances in tissue engineering for construction of fully functional skin tissue,
complete regeneration of chronic wounds is still challenging. Since immune reaction to the …

Macrophages can be affected by a variety of factors to change their phenotype and thus
affect their function. Activated macrophages are usually divided into two categories, M1-like …

miRNAs can be found in serum and other body fluids and serve as biomarkers for disease.
More importantly, secreted miRNAs, especially those in extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as …

With an increasingly aging society, bone defects and fractures have become significant
threats to human health and quality of life. Currently, autologous and allogeneic bone grafts …

Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that serve as mediators for cell-to-cell communication.
With their unique nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids cargo compositions that reflect the …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are∼ 22 nt RNAs that direct posttranscriptional repression of mRNA
targets in diverse eukaryotic lineages. In humans and other mammals, these small RNAs …

Macrophages play an important role in a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic
processes. Plasticity and functional polarization are hallmarks of macrophages …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene
expression by binding to specific mRNA targets and promoting their degradation and/or …

Purpose Macrophages are highly plastic cells. Under different stimuli, macrophages can be
polarized into several different subsets. Two main macrophage subsets have been …

Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) promotes cutaneous wound healing.
Numerous studies have shown that the therapeutic effects of MSCT appear to be mediated …