Background Once considered mere noise, fMRI-based functional connectivity has become a
major neuroscience tool in part due to early studies demonstrating its reliability. These …

Highlights•Context is needed to appreciate recent reports of poor univariate fMRI
reliability.•We provide a guide to measuring and interpreting fMRI test-retest reliability via …

When designing experimental studies with human participants, experimenters must decide
how many trials each participant will complete, as well as how many participants to test …

Brain age is a widely used index for quantifying individuals' brain health as deviation from a
normative brain aging trajectory. Higher-than-expected brain age is thought partially to …

With advancing age, healthy adults typically exhibit decreases in performance across many
different cognitive abilities such as memory, processing speed, spatial ability, and abstract …

fMRI has considerable potential as a translational tool for understanding risk, prioritizing
interventions, and improving the treatment of brain disorders. However, recent studies have …

Event‐related potentials (ERPs) can be very noisy, and yet, there is no widely accepted
metric of ERP data quality. Here, we propose a universal measure of data quality for ERP …

Human neuroscience has always been pushing the boundary of what is measurable. During
the last decade, concerns about statistical power and replicability–in science in general, but …

Although biological measurements are constrained by the same fundamental psychometric
principles as self‐report measurements, these essential principles are often neglected in …

Background Computational models show great promise in mapping latent decision-making
processes onto dissociable neural substrates and clinical phenotypes. One prominent …